Learning Differences

Working memory is an important executive function because it helps children (and adults!) recall information required to complete tasks or functions, such as notetaking, spelling, or the order of operations in math. Some children seem to excel in this...

Planning is the ability to create a roadmap to reach a goal or achieve a task, while prioritizing involves the ability to make decisions about what is important for you to focus on next. It can be challenging for children to know where to get started on...

Learning how to get and stay organized is an important executive function skill for children. Good organization skills allow children to order items or pictures into sequential order, maintain toys and personal items in a neat and orderly manner, and...

Flexible thinking allows people to think about things in new ways or to incorporate new information into a specific plan or idea. Flexible thinkers are often able to come up with more than one solution to a problem or challenge. The ability to think...

Self-control is the ability to regulate one's emotions, thoughts, and behavior and to keep one's cool in the face of disappointment. These four activities developed by author Bryan Smith can help children with self-control. The lessons are designed to...

Initiative is the ability to start an activity, plan, or task. Learning how to take initiative and get things done is an important executive function skill for children. Author and educator Bryan Smith has developed five activities to accompany the...

Impulse control is an executive functioning skill that allows you think before you act and to prioritize long-term success over short-term gains. When you have good self-control, you are able to resist doing things that may be harmful to yourself or to...

Problem solving involves many other executive functioning behaviors, including reasoning, attention, planning, initiation, working memory, and self-monitoring. Teach your students problem solving skills with these activities that accompany the...

The goal of this activity is to show how zest and enthusiasm are decreased by our lack of organization and the ability to maintain a sense of order. Energy is wasted when we spend our valuable time searching for items that we need. Frustration mounts and...

Our society has become very child-centered, with many adult schedules revolving around children's schedules. Everything is done for the comfort of the child. Adults rescue them at every turn and try to make their lives perfect and wrinkle-free. Children...

The internet has become an integral part of our lives. It has improved communication speed and provides us a wealth of information right at our fingertips. However, it does have its drawbacks; making it easier for people to say negative things online...

Students will explore the value of tolerating differences in others by allowing students to visualize what our world would look like if we were all the same. This activity will emphasize the social skill of “Tolerating Differences in Others”...

Read Stephie McCumbee’s storybook Spacing Out! to your students and follow up with this exercise. Students will use their creativity to design bookmarks that can be used to teach others about the skill of “Completing Tasks.” Extend the...

Students will have the opportunity to put themselves in Braden’s shoes in this activity, teaching the importance of flexible thinking and responsibility. The exercise accompanies the storybook My Day is Ruined! from the Executive FUNction series...

Read the storybook It Was Just Right Here! from the Executive FUNction series written by Bryan Smith to your students, then pass out the “What’s Out of Place?” worksheet when the story is finished. This exercise will help to...

Staying focused and completing a task can be a difficult skill to manage for most children. Reinforce the message from Bryan Smith's Are You Working Hard or Hardly Working? storybook, by displaying this colorful 8.5"x11" poster in classrooms,...